Nanzhuangtou

If you are fascinated by ancient human history, you must explore the story of Nanzhuangtou, located near Lake Baiyangdian in Xushui County, Hebei, China. As the earliest Initial Neolithic site discovered in northern China, dating back roughly to 9,500–9,000 BC or 8,700–7,500 BC, this remarkable location offers you an unprecedented glimpse into early human civilization.

First uncovered in 1986 beneath a peat bog— buried 180 centimeters below ground under thick black and gray silt clay—the site revealed a rich cultural layer containing charcoal, unearthed animal bones, and early stone tools. When you learn about Nanzhuangtou, you discover the origins of agriculture and animal domestication; evidence shows early inhabitants kept domestic dogs 10,000 years ago and engaged in millet cultivation around 10,500 BP.

During archaeological excavations conducted by Peking University and other institutions, researchers unearthed over 47 pieces of early pottery dating to 10,200 BP, along with stone grinding slabs, stone rollers, and crafted bone artifacts. Preceding the Early Neolithic period seen at sites like Peiligang, Nanzhuangtou stands as a foundational destination for anyone seeking to understand China's earliest agricultural roots, ancient craftsmanship, and early village development.

What to see at Nanzhuangtou

• Earliest discovered Initial Neolithic site in northern China, near Lake Baiyangdian
• Fascinating evidence of domestic dogs living alongside humans 10,000 years ago
• Early millet cultivation findings dating back to around 10,500 BP
• Over 47 unearthed pottery pieces, stone grinding slabs, rollers, and bone artifacts
• Deep cultural layer discovered 180 centimeters underground beneath a peat bog in 1986

Visiting tips

When exploring Xushui County, remember that this historic site was originally uncovered 180 centimeters beneath thick silt clay and a peat bog near Lake Baiyangdian.

How long: 1-2 hours · Best time: Morning

How to get there & what’s nearby

Nanzhuangtou is easy to reach on Baoding’s public transport. For where to stay, the weather and full itineraries, see our Baoding travel guide.