National Museum of Archaeology 🇪🇸

Step into Spain's rich heritage at the National Museum of Archaeology (Museo Arqueológico Nacional) in Madrid. Situated on Calle de Serrano beside the Plaza de Colón—in a neoclassical building shared with the National Library of Spain—this national institution traces human history from Prehistory to the Early-Modern Age. Established in 1867 by Royal Decree of Isabella II, the museum showcases fascinating collections primarily focused on the Iberian Peninsula, alongside select antiquities from Ancient Greece, Egypt, Nubia, and the Near East.

Start your journey in the forecourt to explore a replica of the famous Cave of Altamira before entering the basement's prehistory section. Moving upstairs, you will encounter remarkable Iberian stone sculptures, Hispano-Roman mosaics and legal bronzes, Visigothic hoards, and detailed al-Andalus artifacts like the pyxis of Zamora. Continuing to the upper floor, you'll discover Romanesque ivory crafts, ancient Iranian pottery, Egyptian mummies, and Mycenaean-to-Hellenistic Greek terracottas.

Whether you are admiring the iconic Lady of Elche or exploring ancient artifacts from classical Mediterranean civilizations, this central Madrid museum offers an essential look into the foundational cultures of Spain and the broader ancient world.

What to see at National Museum of Archaeology

• The iconic Lady of Elche and Lady of Baza Iberian stone sculptures
• Visigothic hoard of Guarrazar, featuring the votive crown of Recceswinth
• A 1960s replica of the Cave of Altamira located in the forecourt
• Hispano-Roman floor and wall mosaics alongside legal bronzes like the Lex Ursonensis
• Medieval Romanesque ivories and al-Andalus treasures, including Nasrid pottery

Visiting tips

Start your visit in the forecourt to see the Altamira Cave replica before heading inside to the basement level.

How long: 2-3 hours · Best time: Morning

How to get there & what’s nearby

National Museum of Archaeology is easy to reach on Madrid’s public transport, and pairs naturally with Royal Palace of Madrid and El Retiro Park. For where to stay, the weather and full itineraries, see our Madrid travel guide.