Overlooking the seaport of Veracruz, Mexico, on an island in the Gulf of Mexico, the Castle of San Juan de Ulúa is a vast complex comprising fortresses, prisons, and a former presidential palace. Originally named during Juan de Grijalva's 1518 expedition and built between 1535 and 1769 under Spanish colonial rule, this historic fortress has played a pivotal role in North American history. When you visit, you will explore a massive site that trapped John Hawkins and Francis Drake's privateer fleet in 1568 and stood as Spain's last stronghold until 1825.
Beyond its role as a symbol of Mexican resistance against foreign incursions—enduring French bombardments, U.S. sieges, and occupations—it also served as an infamous prison for political figures and a presidential residence for leaders like Benito Juárez. Today, the complex functions as a preserved local museum open to the public. As you walk through its weathered stone structures, you can tour the historic prison cells and expansive fort boundaries while imagining the storied past of this legendary harbor citadel.
Although the former presidential palace remains under renovation, the complex offers you a fascinating look into centuries of maritime defense and Mexican heritage.
What to see at Castle of San Juan de Ulúa
- Historic colonial fortress built between 1535 and 1769
- Site of the 1568 privateer encounter involving John Hawkins and Francis Drake
- Symbol of Mexican resistance against foreign invasions
- Former prison complex and presidential residence for figures like Benito Juárez
Visiting tips
Keep in mind that while the main fortress and prison grounds are open to visitors, the former presidential palace is closed for ongoing renovations.
How long: 1-2 hours · Best time: Morning
How to get there & what’s nearby
Castle of San Juan de Ulúa is easy to reach on Veracruz’s public transport, and pairs naturally with Tajín Veracruz and Tres Zapotes. For where to stay, the weather and full itineraries, see our Veracruz travel guide.
See the full Veracruz travel guide for where to stay, the best time to visit and the top things to do.