Umayyad Mosque

Located in the Old City of Damascus, Syria, the Umayyad Mosque—also known as the Great Mosque of Damascus—is one of the oldest and largest operating mosques in the world. Built between 706 and 715 under the Umayyad caliph al-Walid I, the site boasts a rich history, having previously served as an Iron Age temple to Hadad, a Roman Temple of Jupiter, and a Byzantine Christian cathedral. When you visit, you will experience a true marvel of early Islamic architecture that has retained its 8th-century character.

Step inside the grand complex to marvel at its monumental basilical design, featuring a central nave, three parallel aisles, and impressive marble paneling. In the courtyard, discover well-preserved, brilliant gold mosaics depicting intricate vegetal motifs and landscapes, which once covered an incredible 4,000 square meters. The mosque holds immense historical and spiritual significance for both Muslims and Christians; inside, you can view the revered shrine containing the head of John the Baptist, as well as two shrines honoring Muhammad's grandson, Husayn ibn Ali.

Added structures like the medieval Dome of the Treasury and historic minarets further enrich this legendary landmark.

What to see at Umayyad Mosque

• One of the oldest continuously operating mosques in the world
• Revered burial site housing the head of John the Baptist
• Extensive 8th-century gold mosaics depicting vegetal landscapes
• Innovative basilical architecture featuring marble paneling and a central nave
• Historic site built over an Iron Age temple, Roman temple, and Byzantine cathedral

Visiting tips

Be sure to look closely at the courtyard walls to view the surviving 8th-century gold mosaics, considered some of the finest late-Roman style mosaic work in the world.

How long: 1-2 hours · Best time: Early morning

How to get there & what’s nearby

Umayyad Mosque is easy to reach on Damascus’s public transport. For where to stay, the weather and full itineraries, see our Damascus travel guide.